Disparities in the treatment of substance use disorders: Does where you live matter?

This study focused on: 1) whether disparities in timely receipt of substance use services can be explained in part by the characteristics of the community in which the clients reside; and 2) whether the effect of community characteristics on timely receipt of services was similar across racial/ethnic groups. The sample was composed of adults receiving publicly-funded outpatient treatment in Washington State. Treatment data were linked to data from the U.S. Census. The outcome studied was “Initiation and Engagement” in treatment (IET), a measure noting timely receipt of services at the beginning of treatment. Community characteristics studied included community level economic disadvantage and concentration of American Indian, Latino, and Black residents in the community. Black and American Indian clients were less likely to initiate or engage in treatment compared to non-Latino white clients, and American Indian clients living in economically disadvantaged communities were at even greater risk of not initiating treatment. Community economic disadvantage and racial/ethnic make-up of the community were associated with treatment initiation, but not engagement, although they did not entirely explain the disparities found in IET. (author abstract)